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C++核心准则编译边学-F.22 使用T*或onwer<T*>指明唯一对象

F.22: Use T* or owner to designate a single object(使用T*或owner指明唯一对象)

Reason(原因)

Readability: it makes the meaning of a plain pointer clear. Enables significant tool support.

可读性:这可以让裸指针的含义更明确。使重要的工具支持有效。

译者注:owner是gsl(准则支持库)提供的一个功能,从编译的角度来看和T*的含义一致,但是附加了所有权语义,可以帮助程序员理解代码和工具检查。

Note(注意)

In traditional C and C++ code, plain T* is used for many weakly-related purposes, such as:在传统的C和C++代码中,裸指针用于很多没有什么关系的目的,例如:

  • Identify a (single) object (not to be deleted by this function)表示一个(单一)对象(不会被本函数删除)
  • Point to an object allocated on the free store (and delete it later)指向一个从自由存储上获取的对象(以后会删除)
  • Hold the nullptr持有nullptr
  • Identify a C-style string (zero-terminated array of characters)表示一个C风格字符串(以0结尾的字符数组)
  • Identify an array with a length specified separately表示一个数组,长度被另外定义
  • Identify a location in an array表示数组的首地址

This makes it hard to understand what the code does and is supposed to do. It complicates checking and tool support.这样做的结果是很难理解代码在做什么和被预期做什么。无论是检查还是工具支持都会复杂。

Example(示例)

void use(int* p, int n, char* s, int* q)
{
p[n - 1] = 666; // Bad: we don't know if p points to n elements;
// assume it does not or use span
cout << s; // Bad: we don't know if that s points to a zero-terminated array of char;
// assume it does not or use zstring
delete q; // Bad: we don't know if *q is allocated on the free store;
// assume it does not or use owner
}

译者注:这可能是我们每天都能见到的指针用法,很难看出它们到底是前面提供的那种用法。

better(稍好)

void use2(span p, zstring s, owner q)
{
p[p.size() - 1] = 666; // OK, a range error can be caught
cout << s; // OK
delete q; // OK
}

Note(注意)

owner represents ownership, zstring represents a C-style string.

owner表现所有权,zstring表达C风格的字符串

Also: Assume that a T* obtained from a smart pointer to T (e.g., unique_ptr) points to a single element.

参考:假定T*是从指向T的智能指针(例如unique_prt)获取,指向单一对象的指针。

See also: Support library

参考:支持库。

See also: Do not pass an array as a single pointer

参考:不要使用单一指针传递数组

Enforcement(实施建议)

  • (Simple) ((Bounds)) Warn for any arithmetic operation on an expression of pointer type that results in a value of pointer type.(简单)((边界))警告所有针对指针表达式,并得到指针类型结果的算数操作。

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